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4-hydroxy Nonenal (4-HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, that is widely used as a marker of oxidative stress.1,2 4-HNE exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity.1,2,3 4-hydroperoxy 2-Nonenal is the immediate precursor of 4-HNE formed from the cleavage of ω-6 hydroperoxides.4 Analogous reactions are expected to occur with hydroperoxides from other ω-6 fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid.
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1
Pryor, W.A., Porter, N.A. Suggested mechanisms for the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal from the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Free Radic Biol Med 8 541-543 (1990).
2
Esterbauer, H., Schaur, R.J., Zoliner, H. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde, and related aldehydes. Free Radic Biol Med 11 81-128 (1991).
3
Sodum, R.S., Chung, F. 1,N2-ethenodeoxyguanosine as a potential marker for DNA adduct formation by trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Cancer Res 48 320-323 (1988).
4
Schneider, C., Tallman, K.A., Porter, N.A., et al. Two distinct pathways of formation of 4-hydroxynonenal. Mechanisms of nonenzymatic transformation of the 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic acid to 4-hydroxyalkenals. J Biol Chem 276(24) 20831-20838 (2001).
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