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Quercetin is a flavonoid compound found in the bark and rinds of many plants and fruits.1 The estimated human normal dietary intake of quercetin, primarily as glycosides, is 0.1-0.2 mg/kg.2 Quercetin is present in much greater amounts in nutritional supplements. Quercetin is carcinogenic in male rats, inducing renal adenomas when fed at 2,000 mg/kg.3 Quercetin has been reported to inhibit phosphodiesterases of both cGMP and cAMP.4,5
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1
Gschwendt, M., Horn, F., Kittstein, W., et al. Inhibition of the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity from mouse brain cytosol by quercetin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 117(2) 444-447 (1983).
2
Young, J.F., Nielsen, S.E., Haraldsdottir, J., et al. Effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and biomarkers of antioxidative status. Am J Clin Nutr 69(1) 87-94 (1999).
3
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of quercetin in F344 rats. National Toxicology Program, 1-171 (1992 Sep 1).
4
Ruckstuhl, M., Beretz, A., Anton, R. Flavonoids are selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 28(4) 535-538 (1979).
5
Lang, D.R., Racker, E. Effect of quercetin and F1 inhibitor on mitochondrial ATPase and energy-linked reactions in submitochondrial particles. Biochim Biophys Acta 333(2) 180-186 (1974).
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