PPARα is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.1,2 Activation of PPARα results in expression of a variety of genes, particularly those involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, binding, and transport.3 Fenofibrate is PPARα agonist and a member of a class of hypolipidemic drugs that includes clofibrate and benzafibrate, which have been used clinically to treat dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. In a transactivation assay, fenofibrate exhibits EC50 values of 18 and 30 µM for murine and human PPARα, respectively.4 It also binds to PPARγ, but with at least 10-fold less affinity and is inactive at PPARδ at concentrations up to 100 µM.
1
Latruffe, N., and Vamecq, J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie7981-94(1997).
2
Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol12335-363(1996).
3
Mandard, S., Müller, M., and Kersten, S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes. Cell Mol Life Sci61393-416(2004).
4
Willson, T.M., Brown, P.J., Sternbach, D.D., et al. The PPARs: From orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem43(4)528-550(2000).
Latruffe, N., and Vamecq, J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie7981-94(1997).
Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol12335-363(1996).
Mandard, S., Müller, M., and Kersten, S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes. Cell Mol Life Sci61393-416(2004).
Willson, T.M., Brown, P.J., Sternbach, D.D., et al. The PPARs: From orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem43(4)528-550(2000).