Antigen: rat lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) amino acids 573-588 (KNKLEELNKRLHTKGS) · Host: rabbit · Application(s): ICC and WB · Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an extracellular signaling lipid that evokes multiple biological functions including induction of platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, and stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis.¹ lysoPLD was first discovered in 1999 as the enzyme responsible for generating LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).² It was later revealed to be identical to an autocrine motility factor, autotaxin (ATX), which plays a role in tumor progression and metastasis.^3,4 lysoPLD/ATX mRNA is widely expressed with highest levels found in brain, ovary, lung, intestine, and testis.^5,6 Rat lysoPLD is composed of 885 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 101 kDa. The protein is reported to be heavily glycosylated and thus its apparent size on SDS-PAGE may be run as high as 125 kDa. Useful positive controls include cerebrospinal fluid, mouse ascites or seminal plasma.

1 Ishii, I., Fukushima, N., Ye, X., et al. Lysophospholipid receptors: Signaling and biology. Annu Rev Biochem 73 321-354 (2004).

2 Tokumura, A., Majima, E., Kariya, Y., et al. Identification of human lysophospholipase D, a lysophosphatidic acid-producing enzyme, as autotaxin, a multifunctional phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem 277(42) 39436-39442 (2002 Oct 18).

3 Umezu-Goto, M., Kishi, Y., Tairia, A., et al. Autotaxin has lysophospholipase D activity leading to tumor cell growth and motility by lysophosphatidic acid production. J Cell Biol 158 227-233 (2005 Feb 11).

4 Nam, S.W., Clair, T., Campo, C.K., et al. Autotaxin (ATX), a potent tumor mitogen, augments invasive and metastatic potential of ras-transformed cells. Oncogene 19 241-247 (2000 Jan 1).

5 Sun, Y., Tsubio, K., Okamoto, Y., et al. Biosynthesis of anandamide and N-palmitoylethanolamide by sequential actions of phospholipase A₂ and lysophosphase D. J Biochem 380 749-755 (2004 Mar 3).

6 van Leeuwen, F.N., Giepmanst, B.N.G., van Meeteren, L.A., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid: Mitogen and motility factor. Biochem Soc Trans 31 1209-1212 (2003 Jul 4).

Ishii, I., Fukushima, N., Ye, X., et al. Lysophospholipid receptors: Signaling and biology. Annu Rev Biochem 73 321-354 (2004).

Nam, S.W., Clair, T., Campo, C.K., et al. Autotaxin (ATX), a potent tumor mitogen, augments invasive and metastatic potential of ras-transformed cells. Oncogene 19 241-247 (2000 Jan 1).

van Leeuwen, F.N., Giepmanst, B.N.G., van Meeteren, L.A., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid: Mitogen and motility factor. Biochem Soc Trans 31 1209-1212 (2003 Jul 4).

Murata, J., Lee, H.Y., Clair, T., et al. cDNA cloning of the human tumor motility-stimulationg protein, autotaxin, reveals a homology with phosphodiesterases. J Biol Chem 269(48) 30479-30484 (1994 Dec 2).

Sun, Y., Tsubio, K., Okamoto, Y., et al. Biosynthesis of anandamide and N-palmitoylethanolamide by sequential actions of phospholipase A₂ and lysophosphase D. J Biochem 380 749-755 (2004 Mar 3).

Umezu-Goto, M., Kishi, Y., Tairia, A., et al. Autotaxin has lysophospholipase D activity leading to tumor cell growth and motility by lysophosphatidic acid production. J Cell Biol 158 227-233 (2005 Feb 11).

Tokumura, A., Majima, E., Kariya, Y., et al. Identification of human lysophospholipase D, a lysophosphatidic acid-producing enzyme, as autotaxin, a multifunctional phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem 277(42) 39436-39442 (2002 Oct 18).

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