Estrogens direct the development of the female genotype in embryogenesis and at puberty. Estradiol is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.1 Ethynyl estradiol is a synthetic analog of estradiol used commonly as an oral contraceptive, often in combination with a progestin such as norgestrel/levonorgestrel or desogestrel. Efficacy of oral administration of ethynyl estradiol is facilitated by the ethynyl substitution at the C-17 position, which inhibits first pass hepatic metabolism. Ethynyl estradiol is also rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.2
1
Gruber, C.J., Tschugguel, W., Schneeberger, C., et al. Production and actions of estrogens. N Engl J Med346(5)340-352(2002).
2
Coelingh Bennink, H.J.T. Are all estrogens the same?Maturitas47269-275(2003).