Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid and the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the retina and brain. DHA constitutes as much as 40% of the total polyunsaturated fatty acid pool in retinal and neuronal membranes.1 Supplementation of dietary DHA using fish oil inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and delays photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa.2 Neonatal DHA deprivation causes developmental defects and can lead to hypertension in rats.3 DHA methyl ester is an ester version of the free acid which is less water soluble, but more amenable for the formulation of fatty acid-containing diets and dietary supplements.4
1
Salem, N., Kim, H., and Yergey, J.A. Docosahexaenoic acid: Membrane function and metabolism. 263-317(1986).
2
Hoffman, D.R., Uauy, R., and Birch, D.G. Metabolism of ω-3 fatty acids in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res60279-289(1995).
3
Weisinger, H.S., Armitage, J.A., Sinclair, A.J., et al. Perinatal ω-3 fatty acid deficiency affects blood pressure later in life. Nat Med7(3)258-259(2001).
4
Yagaloff, K.A., Franco, L., Simko, B., et al. Essential fatty acids are antagonists of the leukotriene B4 receptor. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids52293-297(1995).
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Background Reading
Salem, N., Kim, H., and Yergey, J.A. Docosahexaenoic acid: Membrane function and metabolism. 263-317(1986).
Yagaloff, K.A., Franco, L., Simko, B., et al. Essential fatty acids are antagonists of the leukotriene B4 receptor. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids52293-297(1995).
Weisinger, H.S., Armitage, J.A., Sinclair, A.J., et al. Perinatal ω-3 fatty acid deficiency affects blood pressure later in life. Nat Med7(3)258-259(2001).
Hoffman, D.R., Uauy, R., and Birch, D.G. Metabolism of ω-3 fatty acids in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res60279-289(1995).