Holiday Notification: Cayman Chemical will be closed Monday, May 28, 2012, in observance of the Memorial Day holiday.
More…
Please feel free to continue placing orders via our website or via fax at 734-971-3640. You may send an email to customer service at custserv@caymanchem.com , or to technical support at techserv@caymanchem.com which we will respond to the next business day. Cayman will resume regular business hours and shipping schedules on Tuesday, May 29, 2012. Thank you for your patience and understanding.
The cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena often contaminates the drinking water of rural communities in developing countries and accumulates in mussels, flounder, and cod from the northern Baltic Sea.1,2 Nodularin is a hepatotoxic monocylic pentapeptide produced by the N. spumigena.3 It is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), exhibiting IC50 values of 1.8 and 0.026 nM, respectively. PP2B is inhibited to a lesser extent with an IC50 of 1.8 µM. No apparent inhibitory effect is observed with PP2C, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase, or protein kinase C.4
1
Sipiä, V.O., Kankaanpää, H.T., Flinkman, J., et al. Time-dependent accumulation of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins in flounders (Platichthys flesus) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the northern Baltic sea. Environ Toxicol16330-336(2001).
2
Sipiä, V.O., Kankaanpää, H.T., Lahti, K., et al. Detection of nodularin in flounders and cod from the Baltic Sea. Environ Toxicol16121-126(2001).
3
Rinehart, K.L., Harada, K., Namikoshi, M., et al. Nodularin, microcystin, and the configuration of Adda. J Am Chem Soc1108557-8558(1988).
4
Honkanen, R.E., Dukelow, M., Zwiller, J., et al. Cyanobacterial nodularin is a potent inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases. Mol Pharmacol40577-583(1991).
Sipiä, V.O., Kankaanpää, H.T., Flinkman, J., et al. Time-dependent accumulation of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins in flounders (Platichthys flesus) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the northern Baltic sea. Environ Toxicol16330-336(2001).
Rinehart, K.L., Harada, K., Namikoshi, M., et al. Nodularin, microcystin, and the configuration of Adda. J Am Chem Soc1108557-8558(1988).
Honkanen, R.E., Dukelow, M., Zwiller, J., et al. Cyanobacterial nodularin is a potent inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases. Mol Pharmacol40577-583(1991).
Sipiä, V.O., Kankaanpää, H.T., Lahti, K., et al. Detection of nodularin in flounders and cod from the Baltic Sea. Environ Toxicol16121-126(2001).