Source: recombinant protein isolated from baculovirus overexpression system in Sf21 cells · M_r: 54 kDa · Protein concentration: 0.12 mg/ml · Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors that heterodimerize with retinoic acid like receptors, regulating gene expression and differentiation.¹ The PPAR family of nuclear hormone receptors consists of three subtypes encoded by separate genes: PPARα, PPARδ (also referred to as hNUC1, PPARβ, or FAAR), and PPARγ. PPARδ is ubiquitously expressed but is particularly abundant in tissues such as liver, intestine, kidney, abdominal adipose, and skeletal muscle, all of which are involved in lipid metabolism.² PPARδ is a mediator of diverse physiological functions including lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, embryo implantation, and cancer development.^3,4,5,6 Most recently, attention has been focused on the role of PPARδ in obesity.⁷ Cayman’s PPARδ protein is purified from a baculovirus overexpression system. The purity was determined using gel electrophoresis followed by coomassie staining and western blot analysis. Functionality was tested using Cayman’s PPARδ Transcription Factor Assay (Catalog No. 10006914).

1 Kersten, S., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Roles of PPARs in health and disease. Nature 405 421-424 (2000).

2 Willson, T.M., Brown, P.J., Sternbach, D.D., et al. The PPARs: From orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem 43(4) 528-550 (2000).

3 Amri, E., Bonino, F., Ailhaud, G., et al. Cloning of a protein that mediates transcriptional effects of fatty acids in preadipocytes. Homology to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. J Biol Chem 270 2367-2371 (1995).

4 Berger, J., Leibowitz, M.D., Doebber, T.W., et al. Novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARδ ligands produce distinct biological effects. J Biol Chem 274 6718-6725 (1999).

5 Lim, H., and Dey, S.K. PPARδ functions as a prostacyclin receptor in blastocyst implantation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11(4) 137-142 (2000).

6 He, T., Chan, T.A., Vogelstein, B., et al. PPARδ is an APC-regulated target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cell 99 335-345 (1999).

7 Wang, Y., Lee, C., Tiep, S., et al. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ activates fat metabolism to prevent obesity. Cell 113 159-170 (2003).

Kersten, S., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Roles of PPARs in health and disease. Nature 405 421-424 (2000).

Berger, J., Leibowitz, M.D., Doebber, T.W., et al. Novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARδ ligands produce distinct biological effects. J Biol Chem 274 6718-6725 (1999).

Amri, E., Bonino, F., Ailhaud, G., et al. Cloning of a protein that mediates transcriptional effects of fatty acids in preadipocytes. Homology to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. J Biol Chem 270 2367-2371 (1995).

Willson, T.M., Brown, P.J., Sternbach, D.D., et al. The PPARs: From orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem 43(4) 528-550 (2000).

Lim, H., and Dey, S.K. PPARδ functions as a prostacyclin receptor in blastocyst implantation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11(4) 137-142 (2000).

Wang, Y., Lee, C., Tiep, S., et al. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ activates fat metabolism to prevent obesity. Cell 113 159-170 (2003).

He, T., Chan, T.A., Vogelstein, B., et al. PPARδ is an APC-regulated target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cell 99 335-345 (1999).

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