Limit of detection: 80% B/B₀: ~24 pg/ml · Sensitivity: 50% B/B₀: ~100 pg/ml · Thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) is produced from arachidonic acid by many cells and causes irreversible platelet aggregation and contraction of vascular and bronchial smooth muscle.^1,2,3 Like most lipid mediators, TXA₂ is not a circulating hormone. It is formed in response to local stimuli and exerts its effects within a short distance of biosynthesis. TXA₂ is rapidly hydrolyzed non-enzymatically to form TXB₂, which is then quickly metabolized (t1/2 = 5-7 minutes) to urinary metabolites for clearance by the kidneys.⁴ Because of the transient nature of this compound it is difficult to accurately measure circulating levels in whole animal experimental models. In fact, it has been shown that plasma and urine levels of TXB₂ are primarily due to ex vivo platelet activation and intra-renal production, respectively.^4,5,6 Therefore, measurement of TXB₂ metabolites such as 11-dehydro TXB₂ (Catalog Nos. 10010971 and 519501) and 2,3-dinor TXB₂ (Catalog No. 519051) in urine and plasma may give more accurate estimates of in vivo TXA₂ production.^7,8,9 TXB₂ measurement is better suited for samples that are unlikely to undergo extensive metabolism such as perfusates, lavage samples, tissue/cell culture, etc. Cayman’s Luminex^® TXB₂ Kit can be used for quantification of TXB₂ in plasma, culture media, and other sample matrices. This kit typically displays an IC₅₀ (50% B/B₀) value of approximately 100 pg/ml and a detection limit (80% B/B₀) of approximately 24 pg/ml.

1 Hamberg, M., Svensson, J., and Samuelsson, B. Thromboxanes: A new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72 2994-2998 (1975).

2 Ellis, E.F., Oelz, O., Roberts, L.J., et al. Coronary arterial smooth muscle contraction by a substance released from platelets: Evidence that it is thromboxane A₂. Science 193 1135-1137 (1976).

3 Salzman, P.M., Salmon, J.A., and Moncada, S. Prostacyclin and thromboxane A₂ synthesis by rabbit pulmonary artery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 215 240-247 (1980).

4 Patrono, C., Ciabattoni, G., Pugliese, F., et al. Estimated rate of thromboxane secretion into the circulation of normal humans. J Clin Invest 77 590-594 (1986).

5 Patrono, C., Ciabattoni, G., Patrignani, P., et al. Evidence for a renal origin of urinary thromboxane B₂ in health and disease. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 11 493-498 (1983).

6 Samuelsson, B., Granström, E., Green, K., et al. Prostaglandins. Annu Rev Biochem 44 669-695 (1975).

7 Catella, F., Healy, D., Lawson, J.A., et al. 11-dehydro Thromboxane B₂: A quantitative index of thromboxane A₂ formation in the human circulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 5861-5865 (1986).

8 Ciabattoni, G., Pugliese, F., Davi, G., et al. Fractional conversion of thromboxane B₂ to urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B₂ in man. Biochim Biophys Acta 992 66-70 (1989).

9 Murphy, R.C., and Fitzgerald, G.A. Current approaches to estimation of eicosanoid formation in vivo. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 22 341-348 (1994).

Catella, F., Healy, D., Lawson, J.A., et al. 11-dehydro Thromboxane B₂: A quantitative index of thromboxane A₂ formation in the human circulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 5861-5865 (1986).

Hamberg, M., Svensson, J., and Samuelsson, B. Thromboxanes: A new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72 2994-2998 (1975).

Ellis, E.F., Oelz, O., Roberts, L.J., et al. Coronary arterial smooth muscle contraction by a substance released from platelets: Evidence that it is thromboxane A₂. Science 193 1135-1137 (1976).

Salzman, P.M., Salmon, J.A., and Moncada, S. Prostacyclin and thromboxane A₂ synthesis by rabbit pulmonary artery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 215 240-247 (1980).

Patrono, C., Ciabattoni, G., Pugliese, F., et al. Estimated rate of thromboxane secretion into the circulation of normal humans. J Clin Invest 77 590-594 (1986).

Patrono, C., Ciabattoni, G., Patrignani, P., et al. Evidence for a renal origin of urinary thromboxane B₂ in health and disease. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 11 493-498 (1983).

Samuelsson, B., Granström, E., Green, K., et al. Prostaglandins. Annu Rev Biochem 44 669-695 (1975).

Ciabattoni, G., Pugliese, F., Davi, G., et al. Fractional conversion of thromboxane B₂ to urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B₂ in man. Biochim Biophys Acta 992 66-70 (1989).

Murphy, R.C., and Fitzgerald, G.A. Current approaches to estimation of eicosanoid formation in vivo. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 22 341-348 (1994).

Riendeau, D., Percival, M.D., Boyce, S., et al. Biochemical and pharmacological profile of a tetrasubstituted furanone as a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol 121 105-117 (1997).

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