2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous agonist of the central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor.1,2 It is present at relatively high levels in the central nervous system and is the most abundant molecular species of monoacylglycerol found in rat brain.2,3 Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) hydrolyzes 2-AG to arachidonic acid and glycerol, thereby terminating its biological actions.4 URB754 is reported to be a potent, noncompetitive inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), exhibiting an IC50 of 200 nM for the recombinant rat brain enzyme.5 However, data from other labs indicates that it does not inhibit human recombinant, rat brain, or mouse brain MAGL at concentrations up to 100 µM.6,7 It inhibits rat brain fatty acyl amide hydrolase (FAAH) with an IC50 of 32 µM and binds weakly to the rat central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor with an IC50 of 3.8 µM.5 It does not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or COX-2 at concentrations up to 100 µM.5 Inhibition of 2-AG hydrolysis is associated with enhanced stress-induced analgesia and may represent a novel drug target in pain and stress management.8
1
Sugiura, T., Kodaka, T., Nakane, S., et al. Evidence that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a 2-arachidonoylglycerol receptor. Structure-activity relationship of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, ether-linked analogues, and related compounds. J Biol Chem2742794-2801(1999).
2
Stella, N., Schweitzer, P., and Piomelli, D. A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. Nature388773-778(1997).
3
Kondo, S., Kondo, H., Nakane, S., et al. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist: Identification as one of the major species of monoacylglycerols in various rat tissues, and evidence for its generation through Ca2+-dependent and -independent mechanisms. FEBS Lett429152-156(1998).
4
Dinh, T.P., Carpenter, D., Leslie, F.M., et al. Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA99(16)10819-10824(2002).
5
Makara, J.K., Mor, M., Fegley, D., et al. Selective inhibition of 2-AG hydrolysis enhances endocannabinoid signaling in hippocampus. Nat Neurosci8(9)1139-1141(2005).
6
Saario, S.M., Palomäki, V., Lehtonen, M., et al. URB754 has no effect on the hydrolysis or signaling capacity of 2-AG in the rat brain. Chem Biol13811-814(2006).
7
Vandevoorde, S., Jonsson, K., Labar, G., et al. Lack of selectivity of URB602 for 2-oleoylglycerol compared to anandamide hydrolysis in vitro. Br J Pharmacol150186-191(2007).
8
Hohmann, A.G., Suplita, R.L., Bolton, N.M., et al. An endocannabinoid mechanism for stress-induced analgesia. Nature4351108-1112(2005).
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Background Reading
Sugiura, T., Kodaka, T., Nakane, S., et al. Evidence that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a 2-arachidonoylglycerol receptor. Structure-activity relationship of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, ether-linked analogues, and related compounds. J Biol Chem2742794-2801(1999).
Kondo, S., Kondo, H., Nakane, S., et al. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist: Identification as one of the major species of monoacylglycerols in various rat tissues, and evidence for its generation through Ca2+-dependent and -independent mechanisms. FEBS Lett429152-156(1998).
Vandevoorde, S., Jonsson, K., Labar, G., et al. Lack of selectivity of URB602 for 2-oleoylglycerol compared to anandamide hydrolysis in vitro. Br J Pharmacol150186-191(2007).
Saario, S.M., Palomäki, V., Lehtonen, M., et al. URB754 has no effect on the hydrolysis or signaling capacity of 2-AG in the rat brain. Chem Biol13811-814(2006).
Stella, N., Schweitzer, P., and Piomelli, D. A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. Nature388773-778(1997).
Makara, J.K., Mor, M., Fegley, D., et al. Selective inhibition of 2-AG hydrolysis enhances endocannabinoid signaling in hippocampus. Nat Neurosci8(9)1139-1141(2005).
Hohmann, A.G., Suplita, R.L., Bolton, N.M., et al. An endocannabinoid mechanism for stress-induced analgesia. Nature4351108-1112(2005).
Dinh, T.P., Carpenter, D., Leslie, F.M., et al. Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA99(16)10819-10824(2002).