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α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables. ALA, as part of a low saturated fat diet, helps prevent cardiovascular disease. ALA decreases blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, and platelet aggregation.1 Linolenic acid ethyl ester (LAEE) is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid that can be used as an exogenous source of α-linolenic acid. This ethanol metabolite may contribute to ethanol-induced hepatic fibrogenesis through stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). LAEE increases cyclin E expression and CDK2 activity as well as increases ERK and JNK activity.2
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1
Allman, M.A., Pena, M.M., Pang, D. Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: Effects on platelet composition and function. Eur J Clin Nutr 49 169-178 (1995).
2
Li, J., Hu, W., Baldassare, J.J., et al. The ethanol metabolite, linolenic acid ethyl ester, stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclin signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Life Sci 73 1083-1096 (2003).
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