Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and the target of the “statin” class of cholesterol-lowering drugs.1 Simvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki value of 0.12 nM for the hydrolyzed, open ring form of the molecule.2 Simvastatin is marketed under the trade name Zocor™ and is often prescribed in combination with ezetimibe (Zetia) to treat dyslipidemia. This drug combination is known commercially as Vytorin™ or Inegy™. After 18 days of treatment with simvastatin in dogs at a dose of 8 mg/kg per day, plasma cholesterol levels were reduced by 33%.3 Simvastatin also suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB activation (IC50 ~ 13 µM), which potentiates apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells and thus may be useful in treating cancer.4
1
Tobert, J.A. Lovastatin and beyond: The history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov2517-526(2003).
2
Corsini, A., Maggi, F.M., and Catapano, A.L. Pharmacology of competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. Pharmacol Res31(1)9-27(1995).
3
Chao, Y., Chen, J.S., Hunt, V.M., et al. Lowering of plasma cholesterol levels in animals by lovastatin and simvastatin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol40S11-S14(1991).
4
Ahn, K.S., Sethi, G., and Aggarwal, B.B. Reversal of chemoresistance and enhancement of apoptosis by statins through down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Biochem Pharmacol75907-913(2008).
Ahn, K.S., Sethi, G., and Aggarwal, B.B. Reversal of chemoresistance and enhancement of apoptosis by statins through down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Biochem Pharmacol75907-913(2008).
Corsini, A., Maggi, F.M., and Catapano, A.L. Pharmacology of competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. Pharmacol Res31(1)9-27(1995).
Tobert, J.A. Lovastatin and beyond: The history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov2517-526(2003).
Chao, Y., Chen, J.S., Hunt, V.M., et al. Lowering of plasma cholesterol levels in animals by lovastatin and simvastatin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol40S11-S14(1991).