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Papaverine is an opium alkaloid that is structurally and pharmacologically distinct from opiates. At the cellular level, papaverine inhibits phosphodiesterase activity (IC50 = 13 μM).1 Through this action, it increases cellular cAMP levels and alters cellular function. It has been shown to reduce arterial and cerebral vasospasm2,3 and has been used to treat erectile dysfunction.4,5 Papaverine is recommended as a potent nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor for in vitro and in vivo research purposes.
1
Davis, C.W. Assessment of selective inhibition of rat cerebral cortical calcium-independent and calcium-dependent phosphodiesterases in crude extracts using deoxycyclic AMP and potassium ions. Biochem Biophys Acta797354-362(1984).
2
Vardiman, A.B., Kopitnik, T.A., Purdy, P.D., et al. Treatment of traumatic arterial vasospasm with intraarterial papaverine infusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol16319-321(1995).
3
Clouston, J.E., Numaguchi, Y., Zoarski, G.H., et al. Intraarterial papaverine infusion for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol1627-38(1995).
4
Virag, R., Shoukry, K., Floresco, J., et al. Intracavernous self-injection of vasoactive drugs in the treatment of impotence: 8-Year experience with 615 cases. J Urol145287-293(1991).
5
Earle, C.M., Keogh, E.J., Wisniewski, Z.S., et al. Prostaglandin E1 therapy for impotence, comparison with papaverine. J Urol14357-59(1990).
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COc1ccc(cc1OC)Cc1nccc2cc(OC)c(OC)cc12
Background Reading
Davis, C.W. Assessment of selective inhibition of rat cerebral cortical calcium-independent and calcium-dependent phosphodiesterases in crude extracts using deoxycyclic AMP and potassium ions. Biochem Biophys Acta797354-362(1984).
Vardiman, A.B., Kopitnik, T.A., Purdy, P.D., et al. Treatment of traumatic arterial vasospasm with intraarterial papaverine infusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol16319-321(1995).
Clouston, J.E., Numaguchi, Y., Zoarski, G.H., et al. Intraarterial papaverine infusion for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol1627-38(1995).
Virag, R., Shoukry, K., Floresco, J., et al. Intracavernous self-injection of vasoactive drugs in the treatment of impotence: 8-Year experience with 615 cases. J Urol145287-293(1991).
Earle, C.M., Keogh, E.J., Wisniewski, Z.S., et al. Prostaglandin E1 therapy for impotence, comparison with papaverine. J Urol14357-59(1990).