Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of pharmacologically active ER ligands that exert agonist and antagonist effects on various estrogen target tissues.1 They are designed to promote the beneficial actions of estrogen (e.g., bone maintenance and remodeling) while preventing its detrimental effects (e.g., growth of breast and endometrial cancers). Raloxifene, marketed under the name Evista, is a SERM that exhibits estrogenic activity in bone cells without stimulating breast or uterine tissues.2 It has been approved for clinical use for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. When administered at 60 mg/day for 12 weeks to postmenopausal, osteoporotic women, raloxifene reduced bone resportion, and promoted bone formation by decreasing serum levels of interleukin-6 and parathyroid hormone and increasing serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D.3 Raloxifene reportedly guards endothelial cells obtained from rat aortic rings against oxidative insult (1 µM) and lowers serum cholesterol in ovariectomized rodents (ED50 = 0.2 mg/kg).4,2
1
Skouby, S.O. Criteria for the selection of an optimal estrogen replacement.. Gynecol Endocrinol1560-67(2001).
2
Black, L.J., Sato, M., Rowley, E.R., et al. Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest9363-69(1994).
3
Özmen, B., Kirmaz, C., Aydin, K., et al. Influence of the selective oestrogen receptor modulator (raloxifene hydrochloride) on IL-6, TNF-a, TGF-b1 and bone turnover markers in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eur Cytokine Netw18148-153(2007).
4
Wong, C.M., Yung, L.M., Leung, F.P., et al. Raloxifene protects endothelial cell function against oxidative stress. Br J Pharmacol155326-334(2008).
Wong, C.M., Yung, L.M., Leung, F.P., et al. Raloxifene protects endothelial cell function against oxidative stress. Br J Pharmacol155326-334(2008).
Özmen, B., Kirmaz, C., Aydin, K., et al. Influence of the selective oestrogen receptor modulator (raloxifene hydrochloride) on IL-6, TNF-a, TGF-b1 and bone turnover markers in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eur Cytokine Netw18148-153(2007).
Black, L.J., Sato, M., Rowley, E.R., et al. Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest9363-69(1994).
Skouby, S.O. Criteria for the selection of an optimal estrogen replacement.. Gynecol Endocrinol1560-67(2001).