Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which promote the differentiation of monocytes and activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes.1 Many of these substances were recently isolated and purified from oxLDL, and identified as phosphatidylcholine species containing a fragmented, oxidized short-chain fatty acid remnant at the sn-2 position.2 One of these substances isolated from oxLDL and identified as azelaoyl PAF is a potent PPARγ agonist.3 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl phosphatidylcholine (PGPC) and 1-(palmitoyl)-2-(5-oxovaleroyl) phosphatidylcholine (POV-PC) are closely related compounds with strikingly different activity.4 PGPC treatment of vascular endothelial cells induces the expression of both E-selectin and VCAM-1, and increases endothelial cell binding by both neutrophils and monocytes. This contrasts with POV-PC treatment, which stimulates only monocyte binding, and strongly inhibits the LPS-induced binding of neutrophils.4
1
Tontonoz, P., Nagy, L., Alvarez, J.G.A., et al. PPARγ promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL. Cell93241-252(1998).
2
Podrez, E.A., Batyreva, E., Shen, Z., et al. A novel family of atherogenic oxidized phospholipids promotes macrophage foam cell formation via the scavenger receptor CD36 and is enriched in atherosclerotic lesions. J Biol Chem277 (41)38517-38523(2002).
3
Davies, S.S., Pontsler, A.V., Marathe, G.K., et al. Oxidized alkyl phospholipids are specific, high affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands and agonists. J Biol Chem27616015-16023(2001).
4
Leitinger, N., Tyner, T.R., Oslund, L., et al. Structurally similar oxidized phospholipids differentially regulate endothelial binding of monocytes and neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA96(21)12010-12015(1999).
Formal Name
1-palmitoyl-2-glutaryl phosphatidylcholine
CAS Number
89947-79-5
Molecular Formula
C29H56NO10P
Formula Weight
609.7
Formulation
A solution in ethanol
Purity
>98%
Stability
1 year
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature
in continental US; may vary elsewhere
Tontonoz, P., Nagy, L., Alvarez, J.G.A., et al. PPARγ promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL. Cell93241-252(1998).
Podrez, E.A., Batyreva, E., Shen, Z., et al. A novel family of atherogenic oxidized phospholipids promotes macrophage foam cell formation via the scavenger receptor CD36 and is enriched in atherosclerotic lesions. J Biol Chem277 (41)38517-38523(2002).
Davies, S.S., Pontsler, A.V., Marathe, G.K., et al. Oxidized alkyl phospholipids are specific, high affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands and agonists. J Biol Chem27616015-16023(2001).
Leitinger, N., Tyner, T.R., Oslund, L., et al. Structurally similar oxidized phospholipids differentially regulate endothelial binding of monocytes and neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA96(21)12010-12015(1999).