Antigen: human, mouse, and rat amino acids 22-36 (PLSEEFLQEMGNIQE) · Host: rabbit · Application(s): WB · PPARα is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.^1,2 Fatty acids, NSAIDs, prostaglandins, leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), WY 14643, and hypolipidemic drugs are PPARα ligands.^3,4,5 PPARα transcriptionally regulates a variety of genes for enzymes and proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and oxidation, such as acyl-CoA oxidase, enol-CoA hydratase, medium chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, fatty acid transport protein, and cytochrome P450 4A isozymes.^2,6,7 Northern blot analysis reveals that PPARα is expressed predominately in liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney.⁸ The molecular weight of PPARα is approximately 52,000 based on the deduced amino acid sequence.

1 Latruffe, N., and Vamecq, J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie 79 81-94 (1997).

2 Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12 335-363 (1996).

3 Devchand, P.R., Keller, H., Peters, J.M., et al. The PPARα-leukotriene B₄ pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384 39-43 (1996).

4 Lehmann, J.M., Lenhard, J.M., Oliver, B.B., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a and g are activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Biol Chem 272 3406-3410 (1997).

5 Forman, B.M., Chen, J., and Evans, R.M. Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 4312-4317 (1997).

6 Martin, G., Schoonjans, K., Lefevbre, A., et al. Coordinate regulation of the expression of the fatty acid transport protein and acyl-CoA synthetase genes by PPARα and PPARγ activators. J Biol Chem 272 28210-28217 (1997).

7 Kroetz, D.L., Yook, P., Costet, P., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α controls the hepatic CYP4A induction adaptive response to starvation and diabetes. J Biol Chem 273 31581-31589 (1998).

8 Mukherjee, R., Jow, L., Noonan, D., et al. Human and rat peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 51 157-166 (1994).

Devchand, P.R., Keller, H., Peters, J.M., et al. The PPARα-leukotriene B₄ pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384 39-43 (1996).

Kroetz, D.L., Yook, P., Costet, P., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α controls the hepatic CYP4A induction adaptive response to starvation and diabetes. J Biol Chem 273 31581-31589 (1998).

Forman, B.M., Chen, J., and Evans, R.M. Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 4312-4317 (1997).

Mukherjee, R., Jow, L., Noonan, D., et al. Human and rat peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 51 157-166 (1994).

Martin, G., Schoonjans, K., Lefevbre, A., et al. Coordinate regulation of the expression of the fatty acid transport protein and acyl-CoA synthetase genes by PPARα and PPARγ activators. J Biol Chem 272 28210-28217 (1997).

Latruffe, N., and Vamecq, J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie 79 81-94 (1997).

Sher, T., Yi, H., McBride, O.W., et al. cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. Biochemistry 32 5598-5604 (1993).

Gearing, K.L., Crickmore, A., and Gustafsson, J. Structure of the mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 199 255-263 (1994).

Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12 335-363 (1996).

Lehmann, J.M., Lenhard, J.M., Oliver, B.B., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a and g are activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Biol Chem 272 3406-3410 (1997).

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