Antigen: human recombinant MCAD · Host: rabbit · Application(s): WB; other applications not tested · Medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the βoxidation of fatty acids. MCAD expression is induced during periods of fasting, when reliance on fatty acids for energy is increased.^1,2 The promoter for MCAD contains a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) and is regulated transcriptionally by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.^1,3,4 Because of this, MCAD expression can be used as a marker to evaluate the in vivo activity of PPARα^1,2 Human MCAD is approximately 87% homologous to porcine and rat MCAD, respectively.^5,6 MCAD is expressed in liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle.

1 Gulick, T., Cresci, S., Caira, T., et al. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative enzyme gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 11012-11016 (1994).

2 Leone, T.C., Weinheimer, C.J., and Kelly, D.P. A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 7473-7478 (1999).

3 Carter, M.E., Gulick, T., Moore, D.D., et al. A pleiotropic element in the medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene promoter mediates transcriptional regulation by multiple nuclear receptor transcription factors and defines novel receptor-DNA binding motifs. Mol Cell Biol 14 4360-4372 (1994).

4 Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12 335-363 (1996).

5 Kelly, D.P., Kim, J., Billadello, J.J., et al. Nucleotide sequence of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mRNA and its expression in enzyme-deficient human tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 4068-4072 (1987).

6 Matsubara, Y., Kraus, J.P., Ozasa, H., et al. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the entire precursor of rat liver medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 262 10104-10108 (1987).

Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12 335-363 (1996).

Matsubara, Y., Kraus, J.P., Ozasa, H., et al. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the entire precursor of rat liver medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 262 10104-10108 (1987).

Gulick, T., Cresci, S., Caira, T., et al. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative enzyme gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 11012-11016 (1994).

Carter, M.E., Gulick, T., Moore, D.D., et al. A pleiotropic element in the medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene promoter mediates transcriptional regulation by multiple nuclear receptor transcription factors and defines novel receptor-DNA binding motifs. Mol Cell Biol 14 4360-4372 (1994).

Leone, T.C., Weinheimer, C.J., and Kelly, D.P. A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 7473-7478 (1999).

Kelly, D.P., Kim, J., Billadello, J.J., et al. Nucleotide sequence of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mRNA and its expression in enzyme-deficient human tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 4068-4072 (1987).

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