PGA2 is a naturally occurring prostaglandin in gorgonian corals where it may function in self defense. It is generally not present in mammals. PGA2 has low biological potency in most bioassays, but it does show some antiviral/antitumor activity.1 At a 25 µM concentration, PGA2 blocks the cell cycle progression of NIH 3T3 cells at the G1 and G2/M phase.2 It has also been shown to act as a vasodilator with natriuretic properties.3
1
Fukushima, M., Kato, T., Narumiya, S., et al. Prostaglandin A and J: Antitumor and antiviral prostaglandins. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 19 415-418 (1989).
2
Hitomi, M., Shu, J., Strom, D., et al. Prostaglandin A2 blocks the activation of G1 phase cyclin-dependent kinase without altering mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulation. J Biol Chem 271 9376-9383 (1996).
3
Frolich, J.C., Sweetman, B.J., Carr, K., et al. Assessment of the levels of PGA2 in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Prostaglandins 10 185-195 (1975).
Ohno, K., and Hirata, M. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase by prostaglandin A2 in L-1210 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 168 551-557 (1990).
Frolich, J.C., Sweetman, B.J., Carr, K., et al. Assessment of the levels of PGA2 in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Prostaglandins 10 185-195 (1975).
Horton, E.W., and Jones, R.L. Prostaglandins A1, A2, and 19-hydroxy A1; their actions on smooth muscle and their inactivation on passage through the pulmonary and hepatic portal vascular beds. Br J Pharmacol 37 705-722 (1969).
Fukushima, M., Kato, T., Narumiya, S., et al. Prostaglandin A and J: Antitumor and antiviral prostaglandins. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res 19 415-418 (1989).
Ohno, K., Fujimoto, M., and Hirata, M. Protective effect of prostaglandin A2 against menadione-induced cell injury in cultured porcine aorta endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 78 67-75 (1991).
Hitomi, M., Shu, J., Strom, D., et al. Prostaglandin A2 blocks the activation of G1 phase cyclin-dependent kinase without altering mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulation. J Biol Chem 271 9376-9383 (1996).
Song, W., and Brash, A.R. Investigation of the allene oxide pathway in the coral Plexaura Homomalla: Formation of novel ketols and isomers of prostaglandin A2 from 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 290 427-435 (1991).
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