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Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant that is used primarily to prevent the rejection of organ and bone marrow transplant. It was first described as a potent inhibitor of IL-2 activation of lymphocytes (IC50 = 5 pM).1 It is now known that rapamycin specifically interacts with the cytosolic FK-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) to form a complex which inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by directly binding to mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1). Rapamycin and other inhibitors of mTORC1 signaling show potential in treating cancer, adipogenesis, diabetes, tuberous sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.2,3,4
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1
Kay, J.E., Kromwel, L., Doe, S.E.A., et al. Inhibition of T and B lymphocyte proliferation by rapamycin. Immunology 72 544-549 (1991).
2
Akcakanat, A., Zhang, L., Tsavachidis, S., et al. The rapamycin-regulated gene expression signature determines prognosis for breast cancer. Molecular Cancer (2009).
3
Zhang, H.H., Huang, J., Düvel, K., et al. Insulin stimulates adipogenesis through the Akt-TSC2-mTORC1 pathway. PLoS One (2009).
4
Balgi, A.D., Fonseca, B.D., Donohue, E., et al. Screen for chemical modulators of autophagy reveals novel therapeutic inhibitors of mTORC1 signaling. PLoS One (2009).
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