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Antigen:
synthetic peptide from murine TLR6
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Host:
rabbit
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Application(s):
WB and FC (intracellular)
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The toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mammals comprise a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and an interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Like their counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules.1 The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition.2 Most mammalian species have between ten and fifteen types of TLRs. Ten functional TLRs (TLR1-10) have been identified in human. Humans also encode a TLR11 gene but it contains several stop codons and protein is not expressed. However, mouse and rat TLR11 are functional, and it is thought that human TLR11 function was lost during evolution. Historically speaking, TLR expression has been most extensively studied in the immune system. Overall, TLRs are highly expressed in immune competent cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mucosal epithelial cells and dermal endothelial cells. However, TLRs have also been identified in many other cell types and anatomical tissue locations where they are expressed either constitutively or induced during infection. The amino acid sequence of human TLR6 is most similar to hTLR1 with 69% identity at the amino acid level. Human TLR6 consists of a predicted 807 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 92 kDa.3 Human and murine TLR6 share an amino acid identity of 73%. TLR6 activates both NF-kB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-1 receptor, which are critical for NF-kB activation, are conserved in TLR6. It has also been shown that the TLR2-mediated response to a phenol-soluble factor from S. epidermidis is enhanced by TLR6.4 TLR6 is predominantly expressed in spleen, thymus, ovary, and lung.3
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1
Srivastava, M.D., Srivastava, B.I.S. Expression of mRNA and proteins for toll-like receptors, associated molecules, defensins and LL-37 by SRIK-NKL, a CD8+ NK/T cell line. Leukemia Research 7 813-820 (2005).
2
Gibson, F.C., Hong, C., Chou, H., et al. Innate immune recognition of invasive bacteria accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 109 2801-2806 (2004).
3
Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., et al. TLR6: A novel member of an expanding toll-like receptor family. Gene 231 59-65 (1999).
4
Hajjar, A.M., O'Mahony, D.S., Ozinsky, A., et al. Functional interactions between toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in response to phenol-soluble modulin. J Immunol 166 15-19 (2001).
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