Antigen: mouse COX-2 amino acids 584-598 (SHSRLDDINPTVLIK) · Host: rabbit · Application(s): WB and IHC · Cyclooxygenase catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins: the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H₂. Recent discoveries of the induction of cyclooxygenase by a variety of stimuli such as phorbol esters, lipopolysaccharides, and cytokines led to the hypothesis that the inducible form of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, is responsible for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins under acute inflammatory conditions.^1,2 COX-2 is a 72 kDa protein which has been cloned from a variety of species including human, mouse, rat, and sheep.^3,4,5,6

1 Xie, W., Chipman, J.G., Robertson, D.L., et al. Expression of a mitogen-responsive gene encoding prostaglandin synthase is regulated by mRNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 2692-2696 (1991).

2 Smith, W.L., Garavito, R.M., and DeWitt, D.L. Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (cyclooxygenases)-1 and -2. J Biol Chem 271 33157-33160 (1996).

3 Hla, T., and Neilson, K. Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 7384-7388 (1992).

4 Kujubu, D.A., Fletcher, B.S., Varnum, B.C., et al. TIS10, a phorbol ester tumor promoter-inducible mRNA from Swiss 3T3 cells, encodes a novel prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase homologue. J Biol Chem 266 12866-12872 (1991).

5 Yamagata, K., Andreasson, K.I., Kaufmann, W.E., et al. Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurons: Regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids. Neuron 11 371-386 (1993).

6 Zhang, V., O'Sullivan, M., Hussain, H., et al. Molecular cloning, functional expression, and selective regulation of ovine prostaglandin H synthase-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 227 499-506 (1996).

Hla, T., and Neilson, K. Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 7384-7388 (1992).

Xie, W., Chipman, J.G., Robertson, D.L., et al. Expression of a mitogen-responsive gene encoding prostaglandin synthase is regulated by mRNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 2692-2696 (1991).

Kujubu, D.A., Fletcher, B.S., Varnum, B.C., et al. TIS10, a phorbol ester tumor promoter-inducible mRNA from Swiss 3T3 cells, encodes a novel prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase homologue. J Biol Chem 266 12866-12872 (1991).

Otto, J.C., and Smith, W.L. The orientation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases-1 and -2 in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 269 19868-19875 (1994).

Fletcher, B.S., Kujubu, D.A., Perrin, D.M., et al. Structure of the mitogen-inducible TIS10 gene and demonstration that the TIS10-encoded protein is a functional prostaglandin G/H synthase. J Biol Chem 267 4338-4344 (1992).

Yamagata, K., Andreasson, K.I., Kaufmann, W.E., et al. Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurons: Regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids. Neuron 11 371-386 (1993).

Smith, W.L., Garavito, R.M., and DeWitt, D.L. Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (cyclooxygenases)-1 and -2. J Biol Chem 271 33157-33160 (1996).

Ledwith, B.J., Pauley, C.J., Wagner, L.K., et al. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by peroxisome proliferators and non-tetradecanoylphorbol 12,13-myristate-type tumor promoters in immortalized mouse liver cells. J Biol Chem 272 3707-3714 (1997).

Zhang, V., O'Sullivan, M., Hussain, H., et al. Molecular cloning, functional expression, and selective regulation of ovine prostaglandin H synthase-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 227 499-506 (1996).

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