Limit of detection: 80% B/B₀: 55 pg/ml · Sensitivity: 50% B/B₀: 300 pg/ml · Prostaglandin D synthases (PGD synthases) catalyze the isomerization of PGH₂ to produce PGD₂. PGD₂ induces sleep, regulates nociception, inhibits platelet aggregation, and acts as an allergic mediator. Two distinct isoforms of PGD synthase have been identified, the lipocalin-type enzyme and the hematopoietic enzymes.^1,2,3 Lipocalin-type PGD synthase (L-PGDS) is localized in the central nervous system and male genital organs of various mammals, as well as in the human heart. This enzyme was originally identified as β-trace, a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid.¹ Hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS) is widely distributed in peripheral tissues and is localized in antigen-presenting cells, mast cells, and megakaryocytes. PGD₂ is produced by H-PGDS in large quantities by allergen-stimulated mast cells and acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator in allergic reactions. The biological effects of PGD₂ are transduced by at least two 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, designated DP₁ and CRTH2/DP₂.^4,5 tetranor-PGDM is a major metabolite of PGD₂ found in human and mouse urine.⁶ In human urine, tetranor-PGDM is significantly more abundant than the PGD₂ metabolites 11β-PGF_2α and 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF_2α and is the only endogenous PGD₂ metabolite detectable in mouse urine by LC-MS. Normal levels of tetranor-PGDM in human and mouse urine are 1.5 ng/mg creatinine and 8.1 ng/mg creatinine respectively.⁶ Cayman’s tetranor-PGDM EIA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of tetranor-PGDM in urine. The EIA typically displays an IC₅₀ (50% B/B₀) of approximately 300 pg/ml and a detection limit (80% B/B₀) of approximately 55 pg/ml.

1 Urade, Y., Watanabe, K., and Hayaishi, O. Prostaglandin D, E, and F synthases. J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal 12 257-273 (1995).

2 Urade, Y., and Hayaishi, O. Prostaglandin D synthase: Structure and function. Vitam Horm 58 89-120 (2000).

3 Urade, Y., and Eguchi, N. Lipocalin-type and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthases as a novel example of functional convergence. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 68-69 375-382 (2002).

4 Boie, Y., Sawyer, N., Slipetz, D.M., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human prostanoid DP receptor. J Biol Chem 270 18910-18916 (1995).

5 Nagata, K., and Hirai, H. The second PGD₂ receptor CRTH2: Structure, properties, and functions in leukocytes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 69 169-177 (2003).

6 Song, W., Wang, M., Ricciotti, E., et al. Tetranor PGDM, an abundant urinary metabolite reflects biosynthesis of prostaglandin D₂ in mice and humans. J Biol Chem 283(2) 1179-1188 (2008).

Boie, Y., Sawyer, N., Slipetz, D.M., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human prostanoid DP receptor. J Biol Chem 270 18910-18916 (1995).

Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Wynalda, M.A. Albumin-catalyzed metabolism of prostaglandin D₂. Identification of products formed in vitro. J Biol Chem 258 11713-11718 (1983).

Maxey, K.M., Maddipati, K.R., and Birkmeier, J. Interference in enzyme immunoassays. J Clin Immunoassay 15 116-120 (1992).

Urade, Y., Watanabe, K., and Hayaishi, O. Prostaglandin D, E, and F synthases. J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal 12 257-273 (1995).

Urade, Y., and Hayaishi, O. Prostaglandin D synthase: Structure and function. Vitam Horm 58 89-120 (2000).

Song, W., Wang, M., Ricciotti, E., et al. Tetranor PGDM, an abundant urinary metabolite reflects biosynthesis of prostaglandin D₂ in mice and humans. J Biol Chem 283(2) 1179-1188 (2008).

Urade, Y., and Eguchi, N. Lipocalin-type and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthases as a novel example of functional convergence. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 68-69 375-382 (2002).

Nagata, K., and Hirai, H. The second PGD₂ receptor CRTH2: Structure, properties, and functions in leukocytes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 69 169-177 (2003).

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