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Myriocin is an amino fatty acid antibiotic derived from certain thermophylic fungi, in this case Mycelia sterilia. It is a potent immunosuppressant having 10- to 100-fold more activity than cyclosporin A.1 Myriocin is a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase (Ki = 0.28 nM), the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. 2 It disrupts substratum adhesion of melanoma cells.3 It also suppresses cell proliferation in the murine cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2 (IC50 = 15 nM) via apoptosis.2,4 Myriocin suppresses replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a murine model.5
1
Fujita, T., Inoue, K., Yamamoto, S., et al. Fungal metabolites. Part 11. A potent immunosuppressive activity found in Isaria sinclairii metabolite. J Antibiot47208-215(1994).
2
Miyake, Y., Kozutsumi, Y., Nakamura, S., et al. Serine palmitoyltransferase is the primary target of a sphingosine-like immunosuppressant, ISP-1/myriocin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun211(2)396-403(1995).
3
Hidari, K.I.P.J., Ichikawa, S., Fujita, T., et al. Complete removal of sphingolipids from the plasma membrane disrupts cell to substratum adhesion of mouse melanoma cells. J Biol Chem271(24)14636-14641(1996).
4
Nakamura, S., Kozutsumi, Y., Sun, Y., et al. Dual roles of sphingolipids in signaling of the escape from and onset of apoptosis in a mouse cytotoxic T-cell line, CTLL-2. J Biol Chem2711255-1257(1996).
5
Umehara, T., Sudoh, M., Yasui, F., et al. Serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor suppresses HCV replication in a mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun34667-73(2006).
Fujita, T., Inoue, K., Yamamoto, S., et al. Fungal metabolites. Part 11. A potent immunosuppressive activity found in Isaria sinclairii metabolite. J Antibiot47208-215(1994).
Hidari, K.I.P.J., Ichikawa, S., Fujita, T., et al. Complete removal of sphingolipids from the plasma membrane disrupts cell to substratum adhesion of mouse melanoma cells. J Biol Chem271(24)14636-14641(1996).
Miyake, Y., Kozutsumi, Y., Nakamura, S., et al. Serine palmitoyltransferase is the primary target of a sphingosine-like immunosuppressant, ISP-1/myriocin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun211(2)396-403(1995).
Nakamura, S., Kozutsumi, Y., Sun, Y., et al. Dual roles of sphingolipids in signaling of the escape from and onset of apoptosis in a mouse cytotoxic T-cell line, CTLL-2. J Biol Chem2711255-1257(1996).
Umehara, T., Sudoh, M., Yasui, F., et al. Serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor suppresses HCV replication in a mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun34667-73(2006).