Xestospongin C is a marine natural product which was first isolated from Pacific basin sponges, and noted to have vasodilatory properties.1 Xestospongin C antagonizes the calcium-releasing action of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) at the receptor level. Inositol phosphates are important signal transduction messengers acting via IP3 receptors to promote the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Xestospongin C blocks the increase in intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells completely at a concentration of 25 µM.2 Xestospongin C also inhibits the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump at concentrations of 700 nM.3
1
Nakagawa, M., and Endo, M. Structures of xestospongin A, B, C and D, novel vasodilative compounds from marine sponge, Xestospongia exigua. Tetrahedron Lett25(30)3227-3230(1984).
2
Gafni, J., Munsch, J.A., Lam, T.H., et al. Xestospongins: Potent membrane permeable blockers of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor. Neuron19723-733(1997).
3
Castonguay, A., and Robitaille, R. Xestospongin C is a potent inhibitor of SERCA at a vertabrate synapse. Cell Calcium32(1)39-47(2002).
Nakagawa, M., and Endo, M. Structures of xestospongin A, B, C and D, novel vasodilative compounds from marine sponge, Xestospongia exigua. Tetrahedron Lett25(30)3227-3230(1984).
Gafni, J., Munsch, J.A., Lam, T.H., et al. Xestospongins: Potent membrane permeable blockers of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor. Neuron19723-733(1997).
Castonguay, A., and Robitaille, R. Xestospongin C is a potent inhibitor of SERCA at a vertabrate synapse. Cell Calcium32(1)39-47(2002).
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Xestospongin is only slightly soluble in aqueous solvents. It is suggested to first dissolve the compound in an organic solvent and then make dilutions with an aqueous solvent to get it into any type of aqueous solution.