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Palmitic acid is a common 16-carbon saturated fat that represents 10-20% of the normal human dietary fat intake. Palmitic acid also makes up approximately 25% of the total plasma fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins.1 Saturated fatty acids induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and, after protein acylation, are used to confer lipid anchoring to a variety of signaling molecules.2,3,4,5,6 Palmitic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, lipid-soluble form of the free acid. It is one of the fatty acid ethyl esters that increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration leading to pancreatic acinar cell injury due to excessive consumption of ethanol.7
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1. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 39(1), 52-62 (1995).
2. Caveolin is palmitoylated on multiple cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is not necessary for localization of caveolin to caveolae. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 270(12), 6838-6842 (1995).
3. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92(25), 11776-11780 (1995).
4. N-
5. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-
6. Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 278(9), 6947-6958 (2003).
7. Inhibition by arachidonic acid and other fatty acids of dopamine uptake at the human dopamine transporter. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 478(2-3), 89-95 (2003).