An oxidized phospholipid
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Labeled Version(s)
25746PGPC-d6
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PGPC

Item No. 10044

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
1-palmitoyl-2-glutaryl phosphatidylcholine
CAS Number
89947-79-5
Synonyms
  • 1-Hexadecanoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl phosphatidylcholine
  • 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Molecular Formula
C29H56NO10P
Formula Weight
609.7
Purity
≥95%
Formulation
A 5 mg/ml solution in ethanol
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMSO: 1 mg/mlEthanol: 20 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 5 mg/ml
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)OCC[N](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC(=O)O
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C29H56NO10P/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-20-28(33)37-24-26(40-29(34)21-18-19-27(31)32)25-39-41(35,36)38-23-22-30(2,3)4/h26H,5-25H2,1-4H3,(H-,31,32,35,36)/t26-/m1/s1
InChi Key
CDZVJFRXJAUXPP-AREMUKBSSA-N
Side Chain Carbon Sum
21:0
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Wet ice in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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Certificates of Analysis & Batch Specific Data

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    500 µg

    $32

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    1 mg

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    5 mg

    $288

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    10 mg

    $543

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    Product Description

    PGPC is an oxidized phospholipid that can be formed under conditions of oxidative stress.1 It is found as a component in mildly oxidized LDL (MM-LDL) and in products formed from the oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Ox-PAPC).2 PGPC activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) in a concentration-dependent manner in a cell-based ligand-binding assay.3 It increases VCAM1 and E-selectin expression in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), as well as HAEC binding by monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), in a concentration-dependent manner.4 PGPC (37.5 μM) also increases total 5-lipoxygenase metabolites in murine resident peritoneal macrophages (RPMs) and induces apoptosis in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 50 μM.5,6 PGPC levels are increased in the serum, LDL, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with coronary artery disease.7 UVA irradiation increases PGPC levels in cultured human skin fibroblasts.8

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Fruhwirth, G.O., Loidl, A., and Hermetter, A. Oxidized phospholipids: From molecular properties to disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1772, 718-736 (2007).

    2. Watson, A.D., Leitinger, N., Navab, M., et al. Structural identification by mass spectrometry of oxidized phospholipids in minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein that induce monocyte/endothelial interactions and evidence for their presence in vivo. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 272(21), 13597-13607 (1997).

    3. Lee, H., Shi, W., Tontonoz, P., et al. Role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in oxidized phospholipid-induced synthesis of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 by endothelial cells. Circ. Res. 87(6), 516-521 (2000).

    4. Leitinger, N., Tyner, T.R., Oslund, L., et al. Structurally similar oxidized phospholipids differentially regulate endothelial binding of monocytes and neutrophils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96(21), 12010-12015 (1999).

    5. Zemski Berry, K.A., and Murphy, R.C. Phospholipid ozonation products activate the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in macrophages. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 29(8), 1355-1364 (2016).

    6. Fruhwirth, G.O., Moumtzi, A., Loidl, A., et al. The oxidized phospholipids POVPC and PGPC inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1761(9), 1060-1069 (2006).

    7. Mozzini, C., Frata Pasini, A., Garbin, U., et al. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and Nrf2 repression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 68, 178-185 (2014).

    8. Gruber, F., Bicker, W., Oskolkova, O.V., et al. A simplified procedure for semi-targeted lipidomic analysis of oxidized phosphatidylcholines induced by UVA irradiation. J. Lipid. Res. 53(6), 1232-1242 (2012).