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Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that has been isolated from M. pumila and has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective properties.1,2,3,4 It inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 liver, MCF-7 breast, and Caco-2 colon cancer cells (EC50s = 87.4, 14.4, and 34.4 μM, respectively).2 Ursolic acid reverses increases in hepatic steatosis, levels of hepatic triglycerides and free fatty acids, and hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in a high-fat diet-induced rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 Ursolic acid also scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (IC50 = 59.7 μg/ml) and inhibits the growth of several strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro including S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. flexneri (MICs = 32-512 μg/ml).3
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1. Ursolic acid--
2. Triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent antiproliferative activity and may be partially responsible for apple’s anticancer activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55(11), 4366-4370 (2007).
3. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ursolic acid and derivatives. Molecules 19(1), 1317-1327 (2014).
4. Therapeutic role of ursolic acid on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and improving metabolic disorders in high-