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Medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the βoxidation of fatty acids. MCAD expression is induced during periods of fasting, when reliance on fatty acids for energy is increased.1,2 The promoter for MCAD contains a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) and is regulated transcriptionally by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.1,3,4 Because of this, MCAD expression can be used as a marker to evaluate the in vivo activity of PPARα.1,2 Human MCAD is approximately 87% homologous to porcine and rat MCAD, respectively.5,6 MCAD is expressed in liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle.
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1. The peroxisome proliferator-
2. A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-
3. A pleiotropic element in the medium-
4. Peroxisome proliferator-
5. Nucleotide sequence of medium-
6. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the entire precursor of rat liver medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 262(21), 10104-10108 (1987).
The contribution of IL-