C16 Ceramide (d18:1/16:0)

C16 Ceramide is a sphingolipid. It incorporates into the mitochondrial outer membrane and forms channels that increase its permeability.¹ C16 Ceramide levels are increased by PPMP or MAPP in isolated human neutrophils and are correlated with an increase in apoptosis.² It accumulates in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis compared with the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension.³ Plasma levels of C16 ceramide are also increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome, and an increased plasma ratio of C16 to C24:0 ceramide is associated with major adverse cardiac events.⁴ It is also increased in tumor tissue from patients with breast cancer and is associated with metastatic cancer.⁵

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1. Siskind, L.J., Kolesnick, R.N., and Colombini, M. Ceramide forms channels in mitochondrial outer membranes at physiologically relevant concentrations. Mitochondrion 6(3), 118-125 (2006).

2. Seumois, G., Fillet, M., Gillet, L., et al. De novo C₁₆- and C₂₄-ceramide generation contributes to spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 81(6), 1477-1486 (2007).

3. Brodlie, M., McKean, M.C., Johnson, G.E., et al. Ceramide is increased in the lower airway epithelium of people with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 182(3), 369-375 (2010).

4. Anroedh, S., Hilvo, M., Akkerhuis, K.M., et al. Plasma concentrations of molecular lipid species predict long-term clinical outcome in coronary artery disease patients. J. Lipid Res. 59(9), 1729-1737 (2018).

5. Schiffmann, S., Sandner, J., Birod, K., et al. Ceramide synthases and ceramide levels are increased in breast cancer tissue. Carcinogenesis 30(5), 745-752 (2009).