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A23187 is a calcium ionophore and a microbial metabolite that has been found in S. chartreusensis.1,2 It induces calcium overload and mitochondrial apoptosis in HEK293 cells when used at a concentration of 5 µM.1 A23187 (5 µM) induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in primary human neutrophils in a myeloperoxidase-, neutrophil elastase-, and citrullination-independent manner.2
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1. Transglutaminase 2 inhibits apoptosis induced by calcium-
2. Diverse stimuli engage different neutrophil extracellular trap pathways. eLife 6, e24437 (2017).
Secreted phospholipase PLA2G5 acts as a hemolytic factor in sepsis. J. Clin. Invest. 136(9), e195001 (2026).