Withanolide B

Withanolide B is a withanolide that has been found in W. somnifera.¹ Unlike withanolide A, it does not increase glucose uptake in L6 myotubes.² In in silico docking studies, withanolide B was identified as a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor (K_i = 5.15 nM), that also inhibited inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS; K_is = 15.48 and 66.59 nM, respectively), and as a ligand for the PARP1 catalytic domain with an estimated K_i value of 7.54 nM.^3,4

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1. Nayak, P.S., Upadhyaya, S.D., and Upadhyaya, A. HPLC analysis of bioactive steroids from the roots of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha). Lat. Am. J. Pharm. 29(3), 468-471 (2010).

2. Gorelick, J., Rivka, R., Avinoam, S., et al. Hypoglycemic activity of withanolides and elicitated Withania somnifera. Phytochemistry 116, 283-289 (2015).

3. Kumar, G., Paliwal, P., Patnaik, N., et al. Withania somnifera phytochemicals confer neuroprotection by selective inhibition of nNos: An in silico study to search potent and selective inhibitors for human nNOS. J. Theor. Comput. Chem. 16(5), 1750042 (2017).

4. Mukherjee, S., Kumar, G., and Patnaik, R. Identification of potential inhibitors of PARP-1, a regulator of caspase-independent cell death pathway, from Withania somnifera phytochemicals for combating neurotoxicity: A structure-based in-silico study. J. Theor. Comput. Chem. 16(7), 1750062 (2017).