An inhibitor of CPT1
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Pro-drug Form(s)
9004470(+)-Etomoxir
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(+)-Etomoxir (sodium salt)

Item No. 11969

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
(2R)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]-2-oxiranecarboxylic acid monosodium salt
CAS Number
828934-41-4
Synonyms
  • (R)-(+)-Etomoxir
Molecular Formula
C15H18ClO4 • Na
Formula Weight
320.7
Purity
≥98%
Formulation
A crystalline solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMF: 10 mg/mlDMSO: 5 mg/mlEthanol: 5 mg/mlWater: 10 mg/ml (ultrasonic)Water: 15 mg/ml (ultrasonic at 36°C)
λmax
229,282 nm
SMILES
[O-]C([C@]1(CCCCCCOC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)OC1)=O.[Na+]
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C15H19ClO4.Na/c16-12-5-7-13(8-6-12)19-10-4-2-1-3-9-15(11-20-15)14(17)18;/h5-8H,1-4,9-11H2,(H,17,18);/q;+1/p-1/t15-;/m1./s1
InChi Key
RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Wet ice in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    5 mg

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    Product Description

    (+)-Etomoxir is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), an enzyme that combines fatty acyl-CoAs with carnitine for transport into the mitochondria for β-oxidation.1,2 It inhibits fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes in vitro (IC50s = 0.1, 1, and 10 µM for human, guinea pig, and rat hepatocytes, respectively), and it shifts the carbon source for the TCA cycle to glucose.3,4 It also inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetate in hepatocytes upstream of mevalonate.5 (+)-Etomoxir also decreases ATP-linked and uncoupled oxygen consumption in C2C12 myotubes when used in combination with BPTES (Item No. 19284) or UK 5099 (Item No. 16980).6

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Portilla, D., Dai, G., Peters, J.M., et al. Etomoxir-induced PPARα-modulated enzymes protect during acute renal failure. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 278(4), F667-F675 (2000).

    2. Lopaschuk, G.D., Wall, S.R., Olley, P.M., et al. Etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor, protects hearts from fatty acid-induced ischemic injury independent of changes in long chain acylcarnitine. Circ. Res. 63(6), 1036-1043 (1988).

    3. Agius, L., Peak, M., and Sherratt, H.S.A. Differences between human, rat and guinea pig hepatocyte cultures. A comparative study of their rates of β-oxidation and esterification of palmitate and their sensitivity to R-etomoxir. Biochem. Pharmacol. 42(9), 1711-1715 (1991).

    4. Abdel-aleem, S., Li, X., Anstadt, M.P., et al. Regulation of glucose utilization during the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in rat myocytes. Horm. Metab. Res. 26(2), 88-91 (1994).

    5. Agius, L., Meredith, E.J., and Sherratt, H.S.A. Stereospecificity of the inhibition by etomoxir of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 42(9), 1717-1720 (1991).

    6. Vacanti, N.M., Divakaruni, A.S., Green, C.R., et al. Regulation of substrate utilization by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. Mol. Cell 56(3), 425-435 (2014).

    Product Citations

    Das, S., Finney, A.C., Anand, S.K., et al. Inhibition of hepatic oxalate overproduction ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Nat. Metab. 6(10), 1939-1962 (2024).

    Hwang, S.W., Adiyaman, M., Khanapure, S., et al. Total synthesis of 8-epi-PGF2α. A novel strategy for the synthesis of isoprostanes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116(23), 10829-10830 (1994).

    Onodera, T., Wang, M.-Y., Rutkowski, J.M., et al. Endogenous renal adiponectin drives gluconeogenesis through enhancing pyruvate and fatty acid utilization. Nat. Commun. 14(1), 6531 (2023).

    Li, H., Dixon, E.E., Wu, H., et al. Comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profiling defines shared and unique epithelial injury responses during kidney fibrosis. Cell Metab. 34(12), 1977-1998 (2022).

    Patel, R., Santoro, A., Hofer, P., et al. ATGL is a biosynthetic enzyme for fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids. Nature (2021).

    Singh, S.R., Zeng, X., Zhao, J., et al. The lipolysis pathway sustains normal and transformed stem cells in adult Drosophila. Nature 538(7623), 109-113 (2016).