Androgen Receptor (Phospho-Ser^210,213) Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 156C135.2)

The androgen receptor (AR) is an ~100 kDa androgen-dependent transcription factor that is a member of the steroid/nuclear receptor gene superfamily. The AR signaling pathway plays a key role in development and function of male reproductive organs, including the prostate and epididymis. AR also plays a role in nonreproductive organs, such as muscle, hair follicles, and brain. Abnormalities in the AR signaling pathway have been linked to a number of diseases, including prostate cancer, Kennedy’s disease, and male infertility. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating AR activity through phosphorylation of AR at Ser^213/210 and Ser^791/790. Growth factors or cytokines may induce phosphorylation of AR through the PI3K/Akt pathway. IGF-1 activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in LNCap at high passage number and increases phosphorylation of the AR at Ser^213/210 and Ser^791/790.¹ The western blot results also show that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway by LY294002 prior to incubation with IGF-1 suppressed AR phosphorylation at Ser^213/210. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is thought to have a survival role in prostate cancer by protecting cells from apoptosis.

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1. Lin, H.K., Hu, Y.C., Yang, L., et al. Suppression versus induction of androgen receptor functions by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in prostate cancer LNCaP cells with different passage numbers. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 278(51), 50902-50907 (2003).