KCNQ4 Potassium Channel Monoclonal Antibody (Clone N43-6)

Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that help establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of living cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient.¹ They are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells and their main function is to regulate the flow of ions across this membrane. Whereas some ion channels permit the passage of ions based on charge, others conduct based on an ionic species, such as sodium or potassium. Furthermore, in some ion channels, the passage is governed by a gate which is controlled by chemical or electrical signals, temperature, or mechanical forces. There are a few main classifications of gated ion channels. There are voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated, other gating systems, and finally those that are classified differently, having more exotic characteristics. The first are voltage-gated ion channels which open and close in response to membrane potential. These are then separated into sodium, calcium, potassium, proton, transient receptor, and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, each of which is responsible for a unique role. Ligand-gated ion channels are also known as ionotropic receptors, and they open in response to specific ligand molecules binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor protein. The other gated classifications include activation and inactivation by second messengers, inward-rectifier potassium channels, calcium-activated potassium channels, two-pore-domain potassium channels, light-gated channels, mechano-sensitive ion channels, and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Finally, the other classifications are based on less normal characteristics such as two-pore channels and transient receptor potential channels.² The protein encoded by this gene forms a potassium channel that is thought to play a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability, particularly in sensory cells of the cochlea.^3,4 The current generated by this channel is inhibited by M₁ muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and is activated by retigabine, a novel anti-convulsant drug.⁵

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1. Hille, B. Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes. (2001).

2.  What are ion channels? (2004).

3. Hernandez, C.C., Zaika, O., Tolstykh, G.P., et al. Regulation of neural KCNQ channels: Signalling pathways structural motifs and functional implications. J. Physiol. 586(7), 1811-1821 (2008).

4. Erber, R., Eichelsbacher, U., Powajbo, V., et al. EphB4 controls blood vascular morphogenesis during postnatal angiogenesis. EMBO J. 25(3), 628-641 (2006).

5. Tatulian, L., Delmas, P., Abogadie, F.C., et al. Activation of expressed KCNQ potassium currents and native neuronal M-type potasium currents by the anti-convulsant drug retigabine. J. Neurosci. 21(15), 5535-5545 (2001).