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Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that blocks NMDA-induced currents in rat retinal ganglion cells by 90% when used at a concentration of 12 μM.1 It reverses inhibition of dephosphorylation of the synthetic tau phosphopeptide p17 (tau194-207) induced by the endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) I1PP2A in vitro.2 In vivo, memantine (2 mg/kg) restores PP2A activity, decreases GSK-3β and amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and ventricular areas, and attenuates spatial learning and memory in the AAV1-I1PP2A rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Memantine (20 mg/kg) reduces responding on the ethanol-associated lever in a cue-induced ethanol-seeking test in rats.3 It also decreases secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), degradation of collagen IV, the size of cerebral ischemia-induced brain infarcts, and neuronal cell death in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia.4
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2. Memantine attenuates Alzheimer’s disease-
3. Long‐lasting effect of NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on ethanol‐cue association and relapse. J. Neurochem. 135(6), 1080-1085 (2015).
4. Memantine mediates neuroprotection via regulating neurovascular unit in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. Life Sci. 150, 8-14 (2016).