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Kanamycin A is a broad spectrum antibiotic isolated from a soil streptomyces (S. kanamyceticus). This aminoglycoside alters translation by prokaryotic ribosomes, resulting in bacterial cell death.1 In molecular biology, kanamycin A is used as a selective agent to isolate transformants that are expressing a kanamycin resistance gene, usually neomycin phosphotransferase (NptII/neo). This mode of selection is most commonly used in plant and mammalian biology.
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1. Mechanism of inhibition of translocation by kanamycin and viomycin: A comparative study with fusidic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92(2), 647-654 (1980).