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Phleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that has been found in S. verticillus and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5 It induces chromosomal breaks in S. cerevisiae when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 2 µM.1 Phleomycin (5 or 10 µg/ml) reduces proliferation, DNA synthesis, and the percentage of cells entering mitosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells.2 In vivo, phleomycin (1 mg/kg per day), in combination with the purine analog LS34, increases survival time in an Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor model.3 It has been used as an antibiotic selection agent for successfully transformed cells in genetic engineering experiments.4,5
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1. Internucleosomal cleavage and chromosomal degradation by bleomycin and phleomycin in yeast. Cancer Res. 48(23), 6837-6843 (1988).
2. Phleomycin, an inhibitor of replication of HeLa cells. Cancer Res. 26(2), 233-236 (1966).
3. Amplification of the antitumor activity of phleomycins in rats and mice by heterocyclic analogues of purines. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 37(4), 376-383 (1984).
4. Efficient selection of phleomycin-
5. Dual gene expression cassette vectors with antibiotic selection markers for engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb. Cell Fact. 12, 96 (2013).