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Metamizole is a nonopioid prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed to the analgesic and antipyretic metabolites 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (AA).1 It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity (IC50 = ~150 µg/ml for both in cell-free assays), as well as reduces increases in intracellular calcium levels induced by the TRPA1 agonist AITC in isolated rat and mouse dorsal root ganglia and IMR-90 human fibroblasts (IC50s = 30-91 µM in patch-clamp assays).2,3 Metamizole (6, 12, and 25 µg/ml) inhibits ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma (hPRP).4 It prevents fever induced by LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6, but not arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 90010.1 | 10006607) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010), in rats when administered at a dose of 120 mg/kg.5 Metamizole (250 and 500 mg/kg) increases the paw withdrawal threshold in the paw pressure test, indicating analgesic activity, in rat models of carrageenan-induced acute pain and postoperative incision pain.6
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1. Novel bioactive metabolites of dipyrone (metamizol). Bioorg. Med. Chem. 20(1), 101-107 (2012).
2. Regulation of cyclooxygenase activity by metamizol. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 378(3), 339-347 (1999).
3. The TRPA1 channel mediates the analgesic action of dipyrone and pyrazolone derivatives. Br. J. Pharmacol. 172(13), 3397-3411 (2015).
4. Antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylic acid, metamizole and their combination -
5. A comparative study of the antipyretic effects of indomethacin and dipyrone in rats. Inflamm. Res. 51(1), 24-32 (2002).
6. A comparative investigation of the analgesic effects of metamizole and paracetamol in rats. J. Invest. Surg. 28(3), 173-180 (2015).