Muscone

(±)-Muscone is an odoriferous constituent of musk, a glandular secretion originally collected from the male musk deer, that has found use both in the composition of perfumes and in traditional Chinese medicine practices.¹ (±)-Muscone has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. In a model of vertebral end-plate degeneration, 25 µM (±)-muscone was shown to reverse IL-1β-induced upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase 13, aggrecanase 2, and nitric oxide.² It has also been reported to be both cardioprotective and neuroprotective during conditions of ischemia and to promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells.^3,4,5

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Fujimoto, S., Yoshikawa, K., Itoh, M., et al. Synthesis of (R)- and (S)- muscone. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66(6), 1389-1392 (2002).

2. Liang, Q.Q., Zhang, M., Zhou, Q., et al. Muscone protects vertebral end-plate degeneration by antiinflammatory property. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 468(6), 1600-1610 (2010).

3. Wang, X., Meng, H., Chen, P., et al. Beneficial effects of muscone on cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Int. J. Mol. Med. 34(1), 103-111 (2014).

4. Yu, L., Wang, N., Zhang, Y., et al. Neuroprotective effect of muscone on glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via antioxidant and Ca²⁺ antagonism. Neurochem. Int. 70, 10-21 (2014).

5. Si, Y.C., Li, Q., Xie, C.E., et al. Chinese herbs and their active ingredients for activating xue (blood) promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Chin.Med. 9(1), 13 (2014).