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Nrf2 activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) is central to cytoprotective gene expression against oxidative and/or electrophilic stress.1 Unless activated by inflammatory, environmental, or oxidative stressors, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by its repressor, Keap1.2 Because of its protective capabilities, small molecules that activate Nrf2 signaling are being examined as potential anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents.3 DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine (SFN-NAC) is a major metabolite of SFN (Item No. 10496), a powerful inducer of chemopreventative enzymes via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and ARE-driven gene expression.4,5 At 75 µM, SFN-NAC has been shown to increase ARE expression in HepG2-C8 cells.6 Its reported potency on ARE-related gene expression is roughly 8-fold less than SFN.6
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1. Activation of the antioxidant response element by specific oxidized metabolites of linoleic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 81(1), 53-59 (2009).
2. Novel n-
3. Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1-
4. Direct evidence that sulfhydryl groups of Keap1 are the sensors regulating induction of phase 2 enzymes that protect against carcinogens and oxidants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(18), 11908-11913 (2012).
5. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phase II drug metabolizing/antioxidant enzymes gene response by anticancer agent sulforaphane in rat lymphocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 9(10), 2819-2827 (2012).
6. Effects of glutathione on antioxidant response element-