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The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a major regulator of intracellular calcium concentration that is largely expressed in cardiac sarcolemma (NCX1) but also in brain and skeletal muscle (NCX2). KB-R7943 is an isothiourea derivative that selectively inhibits the reverse mode of NCX1 (IC50 = 1.2-2.4 µM), preventing intracellular sodium-dependent calcium uptake in whole cells.1 It is much less potent at preventing extracellular sodium-dependent calcium efflux from intact cells (IC50 > 30 µM).1 In cultured hippocampal neurons, KB-R7943 exhibits neuroprotection from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by blocking NMDA receptor-mediated activity (IC50 = 13.4 µM) and inhibiting complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (IC50 = 11.4 µM).2 KB-R7943 has also been shown to block transient receptor potential canonical channels, which are important mediators of calcium-
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1. A novel isothiourea derivative selectively inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in cells expressing NCX1. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 271(37), 22391-22397 (1996).
2. KB-
3. TRPC channels are necessary mediators of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107(15), 7000-7005 (2010).