A creatine analog
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Isomer(s)
36940Creatine (hydrate)
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3-Guanidinopropionic Acid

Item No. 16725

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
N-(aminoiminomethyl)-β-alanine
CAS Number
353-09-3
Synonyms
  • β-GPA
  • PNU 10483
Molecular Formula
C4H9N3O2
Formula Weight
131.1
Purity
≥98%
Formulation
A crystalline solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
PBS (pH 7.2): >50 mg/ml
SMILES
NC(NCCC(O)=O)=N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C4H9N3O2/c5-4(6)7-2-1-3(8)9/h1-2H2,(H,8,9)(H4,5,6,7)
InChi Key
KMXXSJLYVJEBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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Certificates of Analysis & Batch Specific Data

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    500 mg

    $36

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    1 g

    $55

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    5 g

    $196

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    10 g

    $336

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    Product Description

    3-Guanidinopropionic acid is a creatine analog that alters skeletal muscle energy expenditure. It reduces cellular ATP, creatine, and phosphocreatine levels and stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), activating PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α).1,2,3,4 PGC-1α activation results in enhanced expression of AMPK, as well as genes for oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain, and mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing oxidative muscle fibers, numbers of mitochondria, and motor performance.1,5 3-Guanidinopropionic acid evokes a shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism, increased cellular glucose uptake, and increased fatigue tolerance.2 In aged rats, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis in response to chronic activation of AMPK with 3-guanidinopropionic acid leads to metabolic insufficiency that can contribute to muscle loss.6,5

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Chaturvedi, R.K., Adhihetty, P., Shukla, S., et al. Impaired PGC-1α function in muscle in Huntington’s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18(16), 3048-3065 (2009).

    2. Oudman, I., Clark, J.F., and Brewster, L.M. The effect of the creatine analogue beta-guanidinopropionic acid on energy metabolism: A systematic review. PLoS One 8(1), 1-13 (2013).

    3. Shoubridge, E.A., Challiss, R.A.J., Hayes, D.J., et al. Biochemical adaptation in the skeletal muscle of rats depleted of creatine with the substrate analogue β-guanidinopropionic acid. Biochem. J. 232(1), 125-131 (1985).

    4. Boehm, E., Chan, S., Monfared, M., et al. Creatine transporter activity and content in the rat heart supplemented by and depleted of creatine. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284(2), E399-E406 (2003).

    5. Reznick, R.M., Zong, H., Li, J., et al. Aging-associated reductions in AMP-activated protein kinase activity and mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell Metab. 5(2), 151-156 (2007).

    6. Herbst, A., Johnson, C.J., Hynes, K., et al. Mitochondrial biogenesis drives a vicious cycle of metabolic insufficiency and mitochondrial DNA deletion mutation accumulation in aged rat skeletal muscle fibers. PLoS One 8(3), 1-8 (2013).