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16F16 is a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor.1 It inhibits PDI reductase activity in an enzyme assay when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µg/ml.1 16F16 reduces PC12 cell apoptosis induced by the misfolded huntingtin protein HTTQ103. It suppresses PDI-dependent mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) in isolated PC12 cell mitochondria. 16F16 (2, 3, 4, and 10 µM) reduces HTTN90Q73 mutant huntingtin-induced medium spinal neuron death and MOMP in rat corticostriatal slices. It also reduces pyramidal neuron death induced by amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) in rat corticostriatal slices.
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1. Inhibitors of protein disulfide isomerase suppress apoptosis induced by misfolded proteins. Nat. Chem. Biol. 6(12), 900-906 (2010).