Primary Vascular Eicosanoid MaxSpec^® LC-MS Mixture

This mixture contains a collection of vasoactive eicosanoids, including the characteristic metabolites of both prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂; Item No. 18220) and thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂), as well as several additional HETE and EET metabolites produced by platelets and the cytochrome P450 pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. The mixture is supplied in an amber ampule in which the headspace has been purged with argon to prevent lipid oxidation. This product has been designed for direct use in LC-MS applications. The solution may be serially diluted for preparation of calibrators and QC standards and/or used directly as a system suitability standard or tuning standard. After opening, we recommend that the mixture be transferred immediately to a 1 ml glass screw cap vial, to prevent solvent evaporation, and stored at -20°C. The mixture should be discarded after multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Whereas PGI₂ is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of human platelet aggregation, TXA₂ causes irreversible platelet aggregation and contraction of vascular and bronchial smooth muscle. Because both are rapidly hydrolyzed and metabolized, TXB₂ (Item No. 19030), 11-dehydro TXB₂ (Item No. 19500), and 6-keto PGF_1α (Item No. 15210) serve as useful markers for their synthesis.^1,2 Certain HETEs and EETs have been shown to either inhibit platelet activation or regulate vasoconstriction.^{3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Ciabattoni, G., Pugliese, F., Davi, G., et al. Fractional conversion of thromboxane B₂ to urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B₂ in man. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 992(1), 66-70 (1989).

2. Brash, A.R., Jackson, E.K., Saggese, C.A., et al. Metabolic disposition of prostacyclin in humans. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 226(1), 78-87 (1983).

3. Hamberg, M., and Samuelsson, B. Prostaglandin endoperoxides. Novel transformations of arachidonic acid in human platelets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71(9), 3400-3404 (1974).

4. Diczfalusy, U., Falardeau, P., and Hammarström, S. Conversion of prostaglandin endoperoxides to C₁₇-hydroxy acids catalyzed by human platelet thromboxane synthase. FEBS Lett. 84, 271-274 (1977).

5. Ikei, K.N., Yeung, J., Apopa, P.L., et al. Investigations of human platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase: Role of lipoxygenase products in platelet activation. J. Lipid Res. 53(12), 2546-2559 (2012).

6. McGiff, J.C., and Quilley, J. 20-HETE and the kidney: Resolution of old problems and new beginnings. Am. J. Physiol. 277(3), R607-R623 (1999).

7. Katoh, T., Takahashi, K., Capdevila, J., et al. Glomerular stereospecific synthesis and hemodynamic actions of 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 261(4 Pt 2), F578-F586 (1991).

8. Graber, M.N., Alfonso, A., and Gill, D.L. Recovery of Ca²⁺ pools and growth in Ca²⁺ pool-depleted cells is mediated by specific epoxyeicosatrienoic acids derived from arachidonic acid. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 272(47), 29546-29553 (1997).

9. Catella, F., Lawson, J.A., Fitzgerald, D.J., et al. Endogenous biosynthesis of arachidonic acid epoxides in humans: Increased formation in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87(15), 5893-5897 (1990).