Sakuranetin

Sakuranetin is a flavonoid and phytoalexin that has been found in rice and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It reduces blast fungus mycelium growth in vitro and decreases the number of fungal lesions and fungal DNA in blast fungus-infected rice leaves when applied at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 mM.¹ Sakuranetin is active against M. luteus and B. subtilis (MICs = 2 and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively).² It is cytotoxic to KB nasopharyngal carcinoma cells (EC₅₀ = 10 µg/ml). Sakuranetin (20 mg/kg) reduces alveolar enlargement, collagen and elastic fiber deposition, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and M-CSF in a mouse model of elastase-induced emphysema.³ It also reduces collagen fiber deposition and lung inflammation in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury.⁴

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1. Hasegawa, M., Mitsuhara, I., Seo, S., et al. Analysis on blast fungus-responsive characters of a flavonoid phytoalexin sakuranetin; accumulation in infected rice leaves, antifungal activity and detoxification by fungus. Molecules 19(8), 11404-11418 (2014).

2. Orjala, J., Wright, A.D., Behrends, H., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial dihydrochalcones from Piper aduncum. J. Nat. Prod. 57(1), 18-26 (1994).

3. Taguchi, L., Pinheiro, N.M., Olivo, C.R., et al. A flavanone from Baccharis retusa (Asteraceae) prevents elastase-induced emphysema in mice by regulating NF-κB, oxidative stress and metalloproteinases. Respir. Res. 16(79), 1-15 (2015).

4. Bittencourt-Mernak, M.I., Pinheiro, N.M., Santana, F.P., et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with the flavonone sakuranetin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 312(2), L217-L230 (2017).