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Geranylgeranylacetone is an inducer of heat shock protein (Hsp) expression that has been shown to increase Hsp70 (also known as Hsp72 and HspA1A), Hsp22 (HspB8), Hsp27 (HspB1), Hsp90 (HspC), and Hsp105 (HspH1) levels in various cells and tissues.1,2,3 It is orally bioavailable and has diverse effects in vivo, including hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and antiulcerative effects.4,5 The effects of geranylgeranylacetone on Hsp expression are more pronounced under stress conditions.2
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1. Efficacy of HSP72 induction in rat liver by orally administered geranylgeranylacetone. Transpl. Int. 13(Suppl 1), S278-S281 (2000).
2. Pharmacological induction of heat-
3. Protective effect of geranylgeranylacetone via enhanced induction of HSPB1 and HSPB8 in mitochondria of the failing heart following myocardial infarction in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 730, 140-147 (2014).
4. Geranylgeranylacetone attenuates hepatic fibrosis by increasing the expression of heat shock protein 70. Mol. Med. Rep. 12(4), 4895-4900 (2015).
5. A single oral dose of geranylgeranylacetone upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor and protects against kainic acid-