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Rhamnetin is a flavonoid that has been found in O. falcate and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4 It reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis induced by miconazole (Item No. 15420) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.2 Rhamnetin inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production in rat neonatal organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) under control conditions and during ethanol withdrawal, as well as NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in OHSCs undergoing ethanol withdrawal.3 Dietary administration of rhamnetin (0.1 and 0.2% w/w) reduces serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver and erythrocyte levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet.4 Rhamnetin increases time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.5
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1. Antioxidant activities of extracts and flavonoid compounds from Oxytropis falcate Bunge. Nat. Prod. Res. 22(18), 1650-1656 (2008).
2. Cytoprotective effect of rhamnetin on miconazole-
3. The dietary flavonoid rhamnetin inhibits both inflammation and excitotoxicity during ethanol withdrawal in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 39(12), 2345-2353 (2015).
4. Effects of isorhamnetin, rhamnetin, and quercetin on the concentrations of cholesterol and lipoperoxide in the serum and liver and on the blood and liver antioxidative enzyme activities of rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59(4), 595-601 (1995).
5. Rhamnetin attenuates cognitive deficit and inhibits hippocampal inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury. Cent. Eur. J. Immunol. 40(1), 35-41 (2015).