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TNP-ATP is a derivative of ATP and an antagonist at the purinergic receptor subtypes P2X1, P2X3, and P2X2/3 (IC50s = 6, 0.9, and 7 nM, respectively).1 It is selective for those receptor subtypes over P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 receptors (IC50s = 2,000, 15,200, and >30,000 nM, respectively). TNP-ATP inhibits calcium flux in 1321N1 cells expressing P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors (IC50s = 10 and 62 nM, respectively).2 In a mouse model of visceral pain, TNP-ATP reduces acetic-acid induced writhing with an ED50 value of 6.35 µmol/kg. TNP-ATP is also a fluorescent probe for the activity of ATP-binding enzymes, such as insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE).3 It displays excitation/emission maxima of 403 and 547 nm, respectively, with a four-fold increase in fluorescence intensity and an emission shift to 538 nm when bound to IDE.
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1. Trinitrophenyl-
2. TNP-
3. Characterization of the binding of the fluorescent ATP analog TNP-