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Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is an alkaloid, and the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine B. microphylla, that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5,6 It is an ether-a-go-go related gene (ERG) potassium channel blocker with an IC50 value of 19.7 μM using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptor.1 IERG blockade is activation-dependent, indicating CVB-D binds to open ERG channels. CVB-D increases the amount and rate of calcium release from intracellular stores in healthy neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and those isolated from adult rats with heart failure in a concentration-dependent manner.2 It also increases expression of ryanodine receptor 2 (Ryr2) and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (Serca2a) and decreases expression of the sodium-calcium exchanger (Ncx). In vivo, CVB-D (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) reduces mortality and improves cardiac function in a rat model of congestive heart failure.3 CVB-D pretreatment (1 mg/kg per day for 4 days) inhibits myocardial apoptosis and mitochondrial cytochrome C release induced by doxorubicin (Item No. 15007) in mice.4 CVB-D also induces cellular autophagy and inhibits growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and induces mitochondrial apoptosis in MGC803 and MKN26 gastric cancer cells.5,6
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1. Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits the currents of HERG potassium channels stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 660(2-3), 259-267 (2011).
2. Influence of cyclovirobuxine D on intracellular [Ca2+] regulation and the expression of the calcium cycling proteins in rat myocytes. Fitoterapia 83(8), 1653-1665 (2012).
3. Beneficial effect of cyclovirobuxine D on heart failure rats following myocardial infarction. Fitoterapia 82(6), 868-877 (2011).
4. Cyclovirobuxine D attenuates doxorubicin-
5. Cyclovirobuxine D induces autophagy-
6. Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits cell proliferation and induces mitochondria-