For immunochemical detection of citrullinated GRP78 (R368)
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Citrullinated GRP78 (R368) Polyclonal Antibody

Item No. 24287

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Synonyms
  • BiP
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumenal Ca(2+)-Binding Protein GRP78
  • Glucose-Related Protein 78
  • Heat Shock Protein 5 (70 kDa)
  • Hsp5 (70 kDa)
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain-Binding Protein
Immunogen
Synthetic peptide corresponding to an internal region of human GRP78 with a citrulline at residue 368
Formulation (Request formulation change)
500 μl peptide affinity-purified polyclonal antibody
Storage Buffer
PBS, pH 7.2, with 50% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide
Host
Rabbit
Applications
ELISA and WB
Cross Reactivity
(+) Citrullinated GRP78(+) Citrullinated HSP70(-) Unmodified GRP78(-) Unmodified HSP70(-) All other citrullinated proteins
Species Reactivity
(+) Human
UniProt Accession №
P11021
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Wet ice in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    1 ea (500 µl)

    $440

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    Product Description

    Glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone that is ubiquitously expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells.1,2,3 GRP78 can be citrullinated at its 27 arginine residues by protein deiminases (PADs).4 The accumulation of citrullinated proteins in vivo leads to the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) which perpetuate the inflammatory process.5 In vitro, ACPAs bind to citrullinated GRP78 expressed on the cell surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells PMBCs and U937 cells leading to the production of TNF-α.6,7 In a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), anti-citrullinated GRP78 antibodies are found in the serum.4 Pre-immunization with citrullinated GRP78 prior to CIA induction shortens the time to joint inflammation and increases arthritis scores compared with non-citrullinated GRP78-immunized and non-immunized control mice. In autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, patient-derived serum contains higher levels of anti-citrullinated GRP78 antibodies than serum derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy controls.4 The predicted size of GRP78 (R368) is approximately 78 kDa and Cayman’s Citrullinated GRP78 (R368) Polyclonal Antibody detects the citrullinated GRP78 protein but not native GRP78 by Western blot. Cayman’s Citrullinated GRP78 (R368) Polyclonal Antibody detects citrullinated GRP78 and does not detect unmodified GRP78.

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Vogel, J.P., Misra, L.M., and Rose, M.D. Loss of BiP/GRP78 function blocks translocation of secretory proteins in yeast. J. Cell. Biol. 110(6), 1885-1895 (1990).

    2. Simons, J.F., Ferro-Novick, S., Rose, M.D., et al. BiP/Kar2p serves as a molecular chaperone during carboxypeptidase Y folding in yeast. J. Cell. Biol. 130(1), 41-49 (1995).

    3. Mayer, M.P., and Bukau, B. Hsp70 chaperones: Cellular functions and molecular mechanism. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 62(6), 670-684 (2005).

    4. Shoda, H., Fujio, K., Shibuya, M., et al. Detection of autoantibodies to citrullinated BiP in rheumatoid arthritis patients and pro-inflammatory role of citrullinated BiP in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13(6), R191 (2011).

    5. Kuhn, K.A., Kulik, L., Tomooka, B., et al. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins enhance tissue injury in experimental autoimmune arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 116(4), 961-973 (2006).

    6. Lu, M.C., Lai, N.S., Yu, H.C., et al. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies bind surface-expressed citrullinated Grp78 on monocyte/macrophages and stimulate tumor necrosis factor α production. Arthritis Rheum. 62(5), 1213-1223 (2010).

    7. Lu, M.C., Lai, N.S., Yin, W.Y., et al. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies activated ERK1/2 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases via binding to surface-expressed citrullinated GRP78 on mononuclear cells. J. Clin. Immunol. 33(3), 558-566 (2013).